How To Write An Analytical Essay - Paperell.com

How To Write An Analytical Essay How to Write an Analytical Essay? All people encounter the need to write papers. You have to write various papers at school, college, university, at various exams, during the application process at job or university, and during many other stages of your life. However, academic writing appears to be the biggest struggle for the majority of people.Students often face troubles with various papers. One of the biggest challenges that students face on their academic path is an essay, which is a task that students get almost on the daily basis. And one of the most challenging types of this task is an analytical essay, which goes far beyond writing a simple descriptive or argumentative paper. What is its purpose and how to cope with it? If you have no clue how to create a top-notch analytical paper, this is the right article for you because here, we are going to tell you about everything you have to know about this type of work.What Is An Analytical Essay?Unlike other types of essays, an analytical paper requires you not jus t to provide an insight into a specific topic, operating with bare facts, this work requires you to study the topic and evaluate it, which makes it harder than other types. Thus, in such text, you have to explain not only what, when and where happened but also answer why and how certain things occurred. Continue reading to learn more about it!Analytical Essay OutlineAn outline is your guide to writing a good paper, which is why you should not neglect it. It helps to adhere to the appropriate analytical essay structure and it also does not let you get distracted or lose some important points of your work. Thus, you have to create an outline!How to write a good outline? There are a few key nuances to keep in mind for this – note down all main arguments and ideas, write it with the required structure and the needed analytical essay format in mind, and make it as detailed as possible. These three points are the keys to a perfect outline. However, it is also a good idea to find an example.Here is how your paper’s outline can look like:Attention-grabbing titleIntroductionHookBasic information on the subject that should make it clear for your readersThesis statementBody: 1stparagraphTopic sentence that explains the main idea of the paragraph and relates it to your thesisExplanation of the main positionAlternative positionsEvidence that proves the correctness of the main positionClosing sentence that concludes the paragraph and makes a transition to the next oneBody: 2ndparagraphTopic sentence that explains the main idea of the paragraph and relates it to your thesisExplanation of the main positionAlternative positionsEvidence that proves the correctness of the main positionClosing sentence that concludes the paragraph and makes a transition to the next oneBody: 3rdparagraphTopic sentence that explains the main idea of the paragraph and relates it to your thesisExplanation of the main positionAlternative positionsEvidence that proves the correctness of t he main positionClosing sentence that concludes the paragraph and makes a transition to the next oneConclusionSummary of the main arguments provided in the textExtension of the argumentExplanation of the work’s or issue’s significance (if needed)This is a good example of a detailed outline. Stick to this example to develop your own outline. However, note that you may have different number of body paragraphs if it’s required by your teacher.How To Start An Analytical Essay?You have to start with a few preparatory steps. Every assignment requires some planning and brainstorming, so here are a few steps to make before you can just straight to writing your text:Define the topicDefining a topic is a halfway to a successful performance of the task, which is why you have to approach it with seriousness. Where to look for good analytical essay topics? You can look for it online but always consider the prompts provided by your teacher. Also, keep in mind that if you are a high school student, your topic can be general and broad but if you study at the university, you will have to choose something more focused.BrainstormLook for inspiration and generate ideas for your work.Make a thesis statementKeep it short, concise, and accurate.Examine the topicOnce you have generated some good ideas and have an idea of how your thesis should look like, it is the time to start your research. Sometimes, you may not be required to use any external resources except the ones you are analyzing but if your assignment assumes finding additional sources, you have to look for valid and trustworthy ones. You have to find supporting evidence for your statement. And in order to create a great paper, you have to ensure that the arguments you find are logical and convincing.OutlineA good outline will help you out when you will be writing your work.Effective Tips On Writing An Analytical EssayWriting a perfect essay  takes lots of time and requires conducting an in-depth res earch, as well as having good knowledge of a particular subject and certain skills. Taking into account the fact that numerous essays always have a huge influence on a students’ final grades, this is not something you can do sloppy. This process requires decent preparation and concentration. Even the smallest details matter!In order to create an A-worthy paper, you have to approach this matter comprehensively, keeping in mind not only the universal standards of academic writing but also your teacher’s and university’s demands. However, despite the complex nature of this task, it is not as difficult as you think. You only have to be attentive, focused, set right goals, and follow some of these effective tips  to write a top-notch essay:Analytical essay introductionAn intro is needed to give the reader’s enough background information on the topic you’ve chosen. However, it also aims to engage the readers. It has to contain some information on the s ubject of your analysis to make it clear for everyone who reads your text, make a hook to make them interested, and finally, it has to provide a thesis statement as the last sentence of this part.Body partThis section can consist of three or more paragraphs. The number is determined by the requirements you received. This is the main section of your text and its each paragraph has to contain the following components:Topic sentence;Analysis of some part of the source;Evidence that supports your thesis;Explanation of the relation between your claim and provided evidence.All these components help you shape a perfect body paragraph.Analytical essay conclusionIn this section, you recall your thesis and the arguments you’ve provided in its support and it is also a great idea to expand it in a wider context or to discuss its implications. One thing you should not do is provide any new information here.Use these tips to cope with this task easily! However, the last but not less import ant nuance to keep in mind is that there is nothing wrong with asking for some help if you really need it. Thus, if you can’t do this work on your own, do not hesitate to request professional assistance from a trusted analytical essay writing service. This can help you solve all your issues.

Quotes for Engagement Toasts

Quotes for Engagement Toasts Engagements are special because they signify that two people who share a caring relationship have now acknowledged their love for each other. It is after their engagement that the two people finally become a couple in the true sense of the term. You could include a few of the following quotes when making engagement toasts to the happy couple. Famous Quotes for Engagement Toasts Antoine De Saint-ExuperyAnd now here is my secret, a very simple secret; it is only with the heart that one can see rightly, what is essential is invisible to the eye.ThoreauThere is no remedy for love but to love more.Bertrand A. RussellLove is a little haven of refuge from the world.Amy BushnellLove reminds you that nothing else matters.Oscar WildeLong engagements give people the opportunity of finding out each others character before marriage, which is never advisable.Oscar Levant, to Harpo Marx upon meeting Harpos fiancà ©eHarpo, shes a lovely person. She deserves a good husband. Marry her before she finds one.AnonymousLove is just a word until someone comes along and gives it meaning.Keith SweatYou cant stop loving or wanting to love because when its right, its the best thing in the world. When youre in a relationship and its good, even if nothing else in your life is right, you feel like your whole world is complete.Janice MarkowitzIf you have to think about whether you love s omeone or not, then the answer is no. When you love someone you just know.Edgar Allan PoeWe loved with a love that was more than love.

Business Strategy in Corporate Giftware industry (PEST Analysis) Essay

Business Strategy in Corporate Giftware industry (PEST Analysis) - Essay Example Corporate giftware is an industry, which caters to almost all the industries across the board, in varying degrees. Sponsoring sports and other events, organizing hospitality events also form part of the corporate gift industry. The profitability of any industry, in general, depends upon five environmental factors enlisted by Porter as: ï‚ § Buyers'/Consumers' power: This is the power of industry’s buyers to secure discounts or negotiate added value to products. The consumer profile of Corporate gifts presents a two-dimensional picture. Personalized Corporate gifts are procured by different companies like Intel, Microsoft, Tesco, Asda, Starbucks, Pepsi, Virgin Airways etc. from the companies which are in the business of personalizing the promotional merchandise. This merchandise is then given away to the corporate clients, general customers, students, sales agents, company executives etc or on occasions like employee appreciation, retirement or special recognition etc. Therefore the actual buying power lies in the hands of companies which get such merchandise prepared with their logos/ messages. But to a certain extent, the ‘power’ is also exercised by the stakeholders, who are the end point receivers of such gifts. The power depends on buyer concentration, information and switching costs. The desires and tastes of stakeholder also keep on changing with times and they expect their companies to give away items which are in tune with the times.

PRINCIPLES OF CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PRINCIPLES OF CARE - Essay Example The legal and policy context: A variety of legislations have been put into place in order to protect the rights of individuals may not have the resources to protect their own rights. Some of these are: Data Protection Act of 1998 NHS Community Care Act of 1990 The Department of Health's 'Fair Access to Care' (FACS) 2003 Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act of 1970 General Social Care Council of 2002 (GSCC) The NHS Community Care Act of 1990 states that it is a duty of the social services to undertake an Assessment of Needs under s47 (National Health Service and Community Care Act, 1990). In addition, it is also a duty to offer direct payments and a carer's assessment. The Carer's Equal Opportunities Act of 2004 offers the carer the right to an assessment in their own right. Under the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act of 1970 (s1), it is the social workers' duty to identify the needs of locals and offer specific information to meet those identified needs. In the event of identification that a patient may be isolated from society; he/she (the patient) may be offered day – care facilities so that they have a network of support. This may assist in preventing isolation and may assist patients to socialise with others in the community. Service User's Perspective: During the researcher's assessment of a case, the staff at the nursing home reported that the case – B (an aged female patient) – was not receiving the required quality of care. B was aged, a resistant nature that may have been due to her age, and most importantly, she was suffering from Dementia. They were unable to meet her requirements of care, which included more attention as part of her day-to-day care since they did not have the facilities to care for a patient coping with Dementia. According to the nursing home staff, it was quite unfair to B that she had to continue living there when her needs could not be met. A day after the initial assessment of the case, B's niec e was contacted in order that her views on B moving into a residential home be taken on board. This would be a home that catered to the needs of patients suffering from Dementia. The niece stated that she would be very happy if the transfer were to go ahead. She also reported that she has had a lengthy conversation with the manager of the nursing home with regards to B's safety at the home and really wanted the best for B. The assessor of this project was informed about the opinions and decisions of the nursing home and B's niece. During supervision sessions the possibility and the procedure for finding an appropriate placement for B were discussed. A resource request was then sent to Home Care requesting a list of residential care homes registered to offer care to patients with Dementia that had vacancies. The list sent in response mentioned three homes; information about which was passed to B's niece so that she could contact these homes, makes appointments for a possible viewing and then decide which one would be the best for B. Social Work Values and Anti-Oppressive Practice: The General Social Care Council (GSCC) code of practice is the corner stone of social work values. Social workers are bound by this code of practice; and action can be taken against them if they fail to do so. The GSCC code also forms a part of the legislation, employer’

Drunk Driving Essay Example for Free

Drunk Driving Essay Drunk driving is a primary cause of highway traffic accidents causing deaths and injuries with enormous monetary costs to society. The drunk driving was first recognized as a policy problem in the literature in 1904, approximately 5 years after the first highway traffic fatality in the United States (Voas and Lacey). In 1982, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration started keeping statistics of alcohol related crashes through its Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) (Stewart and Fell). In 1982, there were 26,173 alcohol related fatalities, which constituted 60% of all highway fatalities. In 2002, about 17,419 or roughly 41% of about 42,815 highway fatalities were estimated to be alcohol related which indicates a 19% change since 1982 (Stewart and Fell). Overall, alcohol related traffic fatalities have reduced by about 33% over the last two decades. Policies implemented to curb drunk driving in the last two decades seem to have an impact on alcohol related fatalities. FARS data shows a 62% decrease (1. 64 to . 61) in alcohol related fatality rate since 1982 (Stewart and Fell). The general decline in the alcohol related fatalities for the general population is believed to be due to a combination of deterrent based laws, increased alcohol awareness and decrease in alcohol consumption, increased publicity about prevention, and general car safety measures (Stewart and Fell). Starting 1980s, drunk driving has been conceptualized as a criminal justice issue. With the effect of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and some other citizen activist groups, the issue has become a public policy problem in which drunk drivers are defined as sinful killers who drink and drive irresponsibly and claim lives of innocent victims. These efforts, according to Ross, created a dominant paradigm which focuses on the blameworthy driver. Thus, framing the issue as of a sin and drunk drivers as deviants has dominated the policymaking process and socially constructed the drunk drivers as a target group with negative connotations in public mind (Meier). Policymakers responded the demands by legislating stricter deterrent based measures to punish those criminal drunk drivers and deter drunk driving to save lives (Ross). Therefore, it is important to examine how drunk driving emerged as a policy problem and how deterrent based laws are introduced and accepted as a solution to the problem. This paper examines also the effects of MADD on legislation of drunk driving laws and effects of those laws on alcohol related fatalities. Background The struggle against drunk driving as a traffic safety problem began in late 1960s. Before 1960s, the federal governments influence on states drunk driving policies was minimal. The national character and seriousness of traffic safety problems prompted Congress to enact the Highway Safety Act and the Motor Vehicle and Traffic Safety Act, in 1966. In 1967, the Secretary of Transportation officially promulgated the first federal drunk driving standards in the National Uniform Standards for State Highway Safety Programs. One of the requirements of this program was for each state to utilize chemical tests for determining blood alcohol levels (BAC) and to enact BAC limits of no greater than . 10 % (Evans et al. ). If an individual is found to be driving with a BAC over a certain threshold they would be arrested for drunk driving. Those standards came with the threat of reducing highway funds for noncompliance. Although some states viewed the 1967 standards and the threats of reducing highway funds as interfering with their sovereign function, they complied with the new standards to participate in highway construction projects. By 1981 all states had adopted the specific standard of . 10 BAC or a lower level. In 1982, the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving was created, and the Alcohol Traffic Safety Act of 1982 established a three-year program to provide highway grants for states that adopted certain anti-drunk driving measures (Evans et al. ). In 1983, the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving recommended that states enact a uniform drinking age of twenty-one years. This approach was ineffective: only four states had done so by 1984. In response, Congress passed legislation requiring highway funding reductions for any state with a drinking age under twenty-one in 1984. That strategy was effective as the states soon began to establish twenty-one-year age limits. By 1986, all but eight states had adopted the twenty-one-year age limits. By 1989, all states had complied with this federal limit. Congress, by promising grants or threatening to withhold funding (carrot and stick from of coercive federalism), has taken an active role in formulating drunk driving policies and in encouraging the states to adopt them (Evans et al. ). On October 23, 2000 President Clinton signed Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 that established the first-ever national drunk driving standard at . 08 blood alcohol content (BAC). According to this legislation, states that do not adopt . 08 BAC laws by 2004 would have 2% of highway construction funds withheld, with the penalty increasing to 8% by 2007. States adopting the standard by 2007 would be reimbursed for any lost funds. As of February 2004, 46 states plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have adopted the national . 08 BAC standard. The federal BAC limit was the last, but not the least measure established to curb drunk driving. It was, indeed, the culmination of efforts targeting drunk driving which dates back to early 1980s (MADD). Although a variety of preventative policies including education campaigns, rehabilitation, and control of alcohol sales have been employed to reduce drunk driving, more emphasis has been placed on the use of punitive policy tools such as license revocation, increased fines, and mandatory jail time. Policies designed to change undesired behavior frequently frame drunk driving behavior as sinful or deviant, which suggests that drunk driving may constitute a morality policy. Indeed, drunk drivers are often depicted in the media and policy debates as irresponsible killer drunks. The politics around the issue of drunk driving as a morality policy may explain why punitive tools rather than preventive policies have been increasingly used in this policy area (Meier). Anti-Drunk Driving Policy Controversies Policies pertaining to alcohol have been regulated by local, state and the federal governments over the last century, including the prohibition at the turn of the twentieth century. At different times alcohol has been prohibited, permitted to operate without government control, regulated through licensing, or controlled by monopolies. This policy area is largely controlled by states through a wide range of policies regulating both the sale of alcohol and penalties for alcohol abuse. Although prohibition on drunk driving is a regulatory policy, it has a separate purpose. As Meier points out, rather than restricting access to alcohol, drunk driving policies are intended to punish individuals who abuse alcohol by drinking and driving (687). Over the last two decades states have adopted a variety of punitive policies to prevent drunk driving and its consequences. Since drunk driving is framed as sinful behavior, no one will stand up and support drunk driving. Advocates of drunk driving policies push for stricter measures to protect innocent victims and in such an environment, rational politicians will perceive that the demand for restrictive policies will be greater than it actually is and, thus, compete for more extreme policies because they always see there is a great support for being tougher on sin (Meier). These policies will be carried out through strict law enforcement by agencies, which will be awarded by the number of arrests made. Therefore, law enforcement agencies will also favor more extreme policies because such policies will create an environment that supports more resources for them (Meier). Furthermore, arresting killer drunks and saving innocent lives will increase their popularity in the eyes of public. In the absence of organized opposition, therefore, drunk driving policies shaped with the support of the public, politicians, and the bureaucracy-lead to adoption of coercive tools, which increases the cost of sinful behavior (Ross). As with most public policy issues, this one, too, has many sides. Just as anti-drunk driving movement supporters form alliances for specific efforts, adversaries also work independently and sometimes together depending on the current situation and how their alliances reflect common concerns. Organizations and individuals who appear to oppose the efforts of the anti-drunk driving movement are, in some cases, protecting a different interest or issue, such as business interests and, by extension, the economy (Baum). Despite the strength of the morality policy framework to predict what type of policy tools would be adopted in this policy domain, legislation of the federal . 08 BAC standard departs from this framework on -at least- one major point: there was an organized opposition to the legislation. Opponents of the national . 08 BAC limit consisted of interest groups representing alcohol and hospitality industries and a few non-profit groups defending motorists rights. Meier contends that highly salient morality policies permit little role for expertise and the lack of opposition results in avoidance of information that challenges the dominant position. Therefore, morality politics lead to adoption of poorly designed and rarely effective policies. In the case of . 08 BAC legislation, as with many other anti drunk driving policies, however, existence of such an opposition heated the debate around the effectiveness of that standard to prevent drunk driving. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of . 08 BAC limit and level of impairment at different levels of BAC were often cited by both sides of the policy (Meier 689-90). Opponents of the national . 08 BAC limit, however, differed in their solutions rather than in their conception of the issue. Both sides of the drunk driving debate agreed on the problem, but they disagreed on the solutions, which is closely related to the definition of the problem. Opponents and proponents of the legislation defined the problems in similar ways. For example, both sides distinguished good people who drink socially from a small minority of alcohol abusers, blameworthy deviants, who drink and drive irresponsibly. The alcohol and restaurant lobbyists could not and did not deny the existence of drunk driving problem. Furthermore, they accepted an obligation to contribute to the reduction of the problem (Baum). However, they defended that . 08 BAC limit would not affect those abusers but would punish the responsible social drinkers, which in turn negatively would affect alcohol sales. They argued that most fatal accidents involving BAC levels below . 10 were alcohol related, not alcohol caused. In almost all alcohol caused fatal accidents, drivers have had an average BAC level of . 17. Therefore, lowering BAC limit to . 08 would not prevent drunk driving. Instead, some other measures such as strict administrative license suspension, and frequent sobriety checks by law enforcement should be administered. Proponents of the . 08 BAC legislation, on the other hand, argued that everyones safe driving skills are dangerously impaired at this level, and nearly one-fourth of traffic fatalities caused by drunk drivers with a BAC level of . 10 or less (Meier 691-92). Anti-Drunk Driving Movement and MADD According to Reinarman, the anti-drunk driving movement did not spring from a rise in the prevalence of drunk driving or in accidents related to it, but from the fact that the injustices (or negative externalities) attributed to drunk driving have never been treated seriously by legislators and courts. Indeed, before 1980s drunk driving had been seen merely a traffic offense. The morality policy focus of the Reagan administration created the suitable climate in which the claims of MADD affected the public and legislators (Reinarman). MADD was founded as a non-profit victims rights organization concerned with advocating for and counseling victims and bereaved relatives, and monitoring courtrooms. Although many members of MADD are victims or bereaved victims of drunk drivers, general community activists (non-victim) have also been active in many chapters. A study on a national sample of 125 MADD chapters indicated that victimization alone does not cause activism (Weed). Moreover, victim and non-victim activists share similar social backgrounds and already participate in other voluntary associations, which reveals that MADD tends to be run by activists who have been victimized rather than victims who have become activists (Ross). Despite its inception as a victims rights organization, MADD has been blamed for becoming a neo-prohibitionist movement (Hanson). The goal of the organization, Hanson claims, is no longer preventing alcohol related accidents but preventing drinking. Moreover, MADD members are accused of seeking vengeance through harsh penalties either than rehabilitation and prevention. Reinarman points out that MADDs goals include the demand for justice or vengeance on the group that took lives of friends and children, which warrants harsh punishment whether deterrence is achieved. He also contends that in the case of drunk driving, the purpose of jail is generally social revenge, not accident prevention. Advocates of MADD, on the other hand, have always pointed out the public education programs, victim assistance, and legislative activism as their agenda items. Regardless of the objectives mentioned above, MADD has managed to make drunk driving a major public problem. Its approach to the problem assumes that the victim in an alcohol related accident is innocent; the drunk drivers behavior is willful and it is a crime which should be dealt in the criminal justice system; and harsh punishment is effective in reducing drunk driving by the threat of swift, certain, and severe penalties. By working against the alcohol industrys promotion of drinking in general, MADD has focused on the negative externalities created by the drunk driver -framing the issue as a deviant behavior (Ross). This strategy allowed the movement to gain support even from the alcohol industry itself. Starting from being a small group of women to a nationwide organization with over 600 chapters across 50 states, MADD has become the most influential citizen group fighting drunk driving. The organizations 2003-2004 annual report shows that its assets reached more than $28 million and revenues more than $53 million (MADD). As with other anti-drunk driving laws, MADD was the main actor behind the federal . 08 BAC legislation. With support of other non-profit organizations, MADD members brought the issue to the public attention. They lobbied key members of Congress, organized media campaigns, participated in press events and other activities, and published fact sheets and statistical information demonstrating the significance of the policy initiative (Ross). They not only contacted the president and obtained his support, but also reached both Democrat and Republican members of the Congress gaining bipartisan support, necessary for passage of the legislation. MADD saw the fight for . 08 BAC as a fight for public safety. Karolyn Nunnallee, the president of the organization, once said, The danger imposed by a drunk driver does not stop at State lines. Neither should the standards that define drunk driving (190). Conclusion Like many other public policy issues, drunk driving can also be defined and addressed in several ways with every definition proposing a different solution. Contrary to the dominant paradigm, for example, drunk driving can be considered as a public health issue. Then the solution would be rehabilitation of offenders rather than imposing sanctions on them. However, efforts of MADD and other grassroots organizations to define the problem in criminal justice terms by describing the problem as of a sin committed by irresponsible killer drunks against innocent victims succeed over other possible definitions of the problem as well as the solutions attached to them (Meier). Their success of the definition of the problem yielded social construction of the target group as deviants with negative connotations and weak political power who deserve sanctions either than rehabilitation. Although proponents of drunk driving policies have been successful in defining the issue in terms of sin that no one could stand for it, opponents were also successful to some extent in addressing the issue by questioning the effectiveness of deterrent based policies. They were able to frame the issue in such a manner that opposition became legitimate. Meier contends that when the opponents are able to change the social construction of the debate from sin to some other dimension, the redistributive nature of the policy becomes open and acknowledged (694). At this point, we can hold that the drunk driving issue was transformed from the politics of sin to the politics of redistribution when alcohol and hospitality industries considered that the stricter laws -as in the case of federal . 08 BAC legislation- would threat alcohol sales. They were not successful, however, in changing issue entirely from being a policy of sin and could not defend drunk driving, but emphasized the potential inefficiency of measures to curb drunk driving. Moreover, they could not sustain holding that position over time and once again the dominant definition of the problem prevailed yielding more punitive tools to deter drunk driving. MADD has been acknowledged as the driving force that transformed drunk driving into a public problem which warrants governmental action. Moreover, MADD as a citizen advocacy group is an important factor in shaping policies in American states. The results provided evidence for the effects of MADD not only on states adoption of anti-drunk driving laws but also adoption of traffic safety measures in general. Works Cited Baum, Scott. Drink Driving as a Social Problem: Comparing the Attitudes and Knowledge of Drink Driving Offenders and the General Community. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 32 (2000): 689-694. Evans, William N. , Doreen Neville, and John D. Graham. General Deterrence of Drunk Drivers: Evaluation of Recent American Policies. Risk Analysis. 11 (1991): 279-289. Hanson, David J. Mothers Against Drunk Driving: A Crash Course in MADD, 2002 http://www. alcoholfacts. org/CrashCourseOnMADD. html MADD. Saving Lives: Mothers Against Drunk Driving Annual Report 2003-2004, 2004. Meier, Kenneth J. (1994). The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol, and Public Policy. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. Meier, Kenneth J. Drugs, Sex, Rock, and Roll: A Theory of Morality Politics. Policy Studies Journal. 27 (4) (1999): 681-695. Nunnallee, Karolyn. Pro Con: Should Congress Pass . 08 Blood-Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Drunk Driving Standard? Congressional Digest. 11 (6-7) (1998): 178-191. Reinarman, Craig. The Social Construction of an Alcohol Problem: The Case of Mothers Against Drunk Drivers and Social Control in 1980s. Theory and Society. 17 (1988): 91-120. Ross, H. Laurence. Confronting Drunk Driving: Social Policy for Saving Lives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992 Stewart, Kathryn and James Fell. Trends in Impaired Driving in the United States: Complacency or Backsliding? In Daniel R. Mayhew and Claude Dussault eds. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Montreal, Canada, August 4-9, 2002. Voas, Robert B. and John H. Lacey. Drunk Driving Enforcement, Adjudication, and Sanctions in the United States. in R. Jean Wilson and Robert E. Mann eds. Drinking and Driving: Advances in Research and Prevention. New York, NY: The Guildford Press, 1990 Weed, Frank J. The Victim-Activist Role in the Anti-Drunk Driving Movement. The Sociological Quarterly. 31 (3) (1990): 459-473.

Public School Choice Essay -- Research Education Educational Essays

Public School Choice Public School Choice is an easy program to understand and it contains many advantages but also many disadvantages. Public School Choice is when parents can elect to send their children out of a school that has not made adequate yearly progress for two consecutive years into a school that has made progress. (McClure, 2002) If there are no available schools within the original school district, then a family can choose to send their children to another district. This only happens when the other schools in the original district are all labeled as ‘underachieving schools’ and have not made the adequate yearly progress. (McClure, 2002) Some of the advantages to this new public school choice option include: offers a way out of a low performing school, supports educational innovation because it supports alternatives to the traditional school day, school choice can match child and parents needs thus parents will be involved and more committed to the school and their child’s learning experience. (O’Neil, 1996) There are some restrictions when one thinks about the public school choice option. Restrictions include claims that all schools are too crowded, short windows of opportunity for parents to exercise choice, when parent can choose if they want to use school choice or not, and outright restrictions on which schools can participate in public school choice program. (Snell, 2002) Other disadvantages include: create inequalities by taking the more desirable students, fewer opportunities to learn from students of different backgrounds, and changes the focus from education for the public good to education for the private good. Education is no longer being seen as providing ‘some common experience in common se... ...nts Choose Choice. Academic Search/EBSCO databases, pp.63. Retrieved March 6, 2003. Ellig, J. (1999). Issue Analysis 96-School Choice:Issues and Answers. [55 paragrphs]. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: www.cse.org/informed/issues_template.php?issue_id=669 Snell, L. (2002). Meaningful Public School Choice. [15 paragraphs]. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.rppi.org/publicschoolchoice.html United States Department of Education (1997). Overview of Charter Schools. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://uscharterschools.org/pub/uscs_docs/gi/overview.htm Van Dunk, E. (2003). Pros and Cons of School Choice. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.joycefdn.org/articles/eduarticles/0301prosandcons.html O’Neil, J. (1996) New Options, Old Concerns. Educational Leadership, 54, 6-8.

Me Talk Pretty One Day Essay

Me Talk Pretty One Day. The title already starts questions and as you get through the essay, it makes perfect sense and creates a meaning to the title. Sedaris is the narrator throughout the essay and nearly at the beginning of the story you finds his tone throughout the essay is kind of a depressed tone, it sounds like he is depressed and put down by the instructor of his french course. Sedaris is passionate in leaning French. He moves to France and starts school there, so that he would learn the language better than he could in America. On his first day Sedaris watches his fellow students catch up with each other, discussing their summer vacations and the latest news about mutual friends. He has a number of first impressions: they appear much younger (he is now forty-one years old), they are definitely much more attractive, and they all appear to speak French flawlessly. Sedaris soon feels a little out of his element, until his French teacher arrives and makes him feel like a complete imbecile. However, Sedaris is not alone in being belittled by his instructor for she did not just pick on him but the rest of the class. However, he still went home every night and studied everything so that he could go to class the next day and know just a little more so the teacher wouldn’t pick on him as much. You find the depressed tone again during class, that everyone wanted to be there but at the same time didn’t want to be there. The teacher rode on a high horse because she didn’t speak only fluent French but 4 other languages too, including English, which she shows to Sedaris by saying in English â€Å"I hate you, I really hate you. (Found on page 3, last paragraph) Now why in her right mind does the teacher feel the need to put everyone down, and to say something of this nature stating that she hates him. Why is that, is it because she herself has troubles in her life and she feels in her time of power of being the professor of a French course and the only one that can speak it fluently, that she can emasculate everyone in the class. But through all of that all of the students including Sedaris, go home every night and study their French for hours on end, an example of it is stated on page 14, 1st paragraph. â€Å"I took to spending 4 hours a night on my homework, putting in even more time when we were assigned an essay. † Because of that the tone suddenly switches from a depressed tone to an upbeat tone right towards the end of the essay when Sedaris states, â€Å"Understanding doesn’t mean that you can suddenly speak the language. Far from it. It’s a small step, nothing more, yet it’s rewards are intoxicating and deceptive. The teacher continued her diatribe and I settled back, bathing in the subtle beauty of each new curse and insult. † From that moment, the professor goes on to belittle Sedaris but this time he isn’t hurt or insulted by it. He takes from it and with confidence replies to her insults with, â€Å"I know the thing that you speak exact now. Talk me more, you, plus, please, plus. Leaving you with a feeling of happiness and joy knowing that Sedaris gained his confidence back. From the tone of the essay, it makes everything feel a lot better in the end. The use of the â€Å"French† in the essay, gives meaning to the times where you dont understand what the counterpart is saying applying the use of words that doesn’t exist creates a confusion but also an understantment of how Sedaris feels when the teacher is talking to him. Here you can see the words meimslsxp; lgpdmurct; apzkiubjxow; palicmkrexis; fiuscrzsa; ticiwelmun; kfdtinvfm; vkkdyo; kdeynfulh. Understanding and speaking do not automatically go hand in hand, but it is better to understand rather than to speak. Which is the point the author is trying to make through the entire selection.. David Sedaris takes a stroll down memory lane in his anecdote about his experience learning to speak French in Paris, under the rule of a cruel dictator-like teacher. He describes certain moments of intense cruelty of the teacher, such as when one girl in his class doesn’t know the correct irregular past tense of the verb to defeat. The girl was poked in the eye with a freshly sharpened pencil, and the teacher, although remorseful, did not spend much time apologizing. The students in the class are not fluent in French, and their halting sentences, when translated, sound like â€Å"sometime me cry alone at night†¦that be common for I, also, but be more strong, you. † This is the exact way that a student of a foreign language would speak, and it illuminates the difference between speaking a language so that others could possibly understand you, and understanding the language.

Nathaniel Hawthorne vs. Shirley Jackson Analysis Essay

As a common reader I’ve come across many authors that have intrigued me due their style of writing, choice of words, paramount of symbolism, sense of irony, use of color, etc†¦ but no two authors have caught my attention more than Nathaniel Hawthorne and Shirley Jackson. These two authors are completely different in every way including their writing styles! Both of these authors have written short stories that have been extremely famous with the public. For example, Nathaniel Hawthorne is mostly known for his famous short story called â€Å"The Scarlett Letter.† Shirley Jackson on the other hand, is best known for her thrilling short story called â€Å"The Lottery.† After reading a short story from these two authors’, you’ll quickly notice why they are so difference from each other! Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, MA. After losing his father, Hawthorne began taking a grand interest in his dad’s worldwide adventures ! He even began reading the logbooks his father had submitted while he was at sea! (BRD Groupe Societe Generate) As the years went by, Nathaniel left home and attended college until 1825 where he graduates and returns home to begin his writing experience. When Nathaniel returned home, he began his writing in semi-seclusion, leading him to write with the style he did and the topics he chose. As I mentioned earlier, â€Å"The Scarlett Letter† is one of Hawthorne’s most famous short stories and one of the best examples to capture his character as a person. This particular short story demonstrates Nathaniel’s writing style to the fullest!! He has a very formal, romantic, fictitious, way of writing and you can clearly pick it up as you read each page! His writing has even been criticized by many other readers. For instance, William Heath who has been known to analyze the sexual element of Hawthorne’s writings, finding a â€Å"profound ambivalence towards women† in many of his works. He speculates about the deeper sexual tension in Hawthorne’s life and how it surfaces in his books. He discusses his sexual anxieties, such as his fear of passion with his wife, and possible feelings of incest, which are backed up by family history. He cautions against assuming that he  feared passion because he was incapable of it. He finds Hawthorne to be â€Å"a straight-laced moralist.† His stories tend to become parables to decipher, rather than dramatic. (Literary Criticisms) Nathaniel Hawthorne had something that many authors’ use now a day as an inspiration to write, and that was his beliefs. His beliefs and lifestyle, led him to create themes for his short stories! Hawthorne was known for his extremely descriptive way of writing which made him such an amazing and admirable author. Back in the 19th century, there were no easy ways to produce photographs for books, so Hawthorne made sure to write lengthy, imaginative, visual descriptions so the person reading the story could still feel what he was saying. (BRD Groupe Societe Generate) Besides writing with such great descriptions, Hawthorne was known for conveying modern themes of psychology and human nature through his symbolism. (BRD Groupe Societe Genera te) One unique element about Hawthorne’s writing was he never had any characters confronting themselves and this was all due to his lifestyle! Unfortunately, Nathaniel Hawthorne died on May 19, 1964 at the age of 60. He left with us his classic, old, contemporary classic short novels! Shirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1915 in San Francisco, CA. She spent most of her life in California where she began writing poetry and short novels as a young teenager. When Shirley turned 17 she attended the University of Rochester and sadly withdrew a year later! Shirley Jackson spent a year at home practicing her writing by producing a minimum of a thousand words a day. (Shirley Jackson Biography) In 1937 she attended the University of Syracuse and published her first story called â€Å"Janice†. As the years passed, Jackson began having her stories published in The New Yorker and The New Public and was then offered a teaching position at Bennington College. (Shirley Jackson Biograp hy) By 1948 Shirley Jackson had published her most captivating, exhilarating, chilling short story ever; â€Å"The Lottery.† Her writing style was known as very gothic and dark. She used witchcraft and abnormal psychology to create themes and twisted plots! The great thing about Shirley Jackson was that she was known to write with not just one style of writing, but two! One of them was detached hilarity which is also known as detaching from extreme amusemen;t and the other type of style is known as tenebrous horror, which is also known as dark horror. (Times) Her choice of words were very eerie and gruesome and truly paints a picture in a readers  head that gives goosebumps! Many writers have also criticized Jackson for her way of writing especially being that it’s dusky and deep. Fortunately it has been good critique! It’s been known that a lot of writers, both in and out of the horror genre, know how to create a sense of dread. What makes Jackson’s sensibility so distinctive is that her brand of dread tends to be self-aware and even, at times, self-amused. (Times) Her distinctive way of writing appeared in many other places such as, McCalls, Redbook, The Saturday Evening Post, Harper’s Bazaar and The Ladies’ Home Journal. (Times) Sadly, Shirley Jackson died on August 8, 1965 at the age of 49. Both of these writers are very different because one is romantic and basically coming from ones beliefs and the other is very gloomy and twisted. Shirley Jackson creates a very scary illusion as you read her stories. She makes you feel like you can jump into the book and construct an adventure of your own! Nathaniel Hawthorne on the other hand, takes you to this very soft, modern style. He writes with so much detail that you get sucked into the stories within seconds. Your mind paints vivid pictures due to his imagery! The unique element about both these authors is that they also have a couple things in common. For instance, they both were truly dedicated to their writings and succeeded in allowing a readers imagination to spiral out of control. Another common quality they had was they both wrote in a classic way. Shirley Jackson was best known for writing classic horror and Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for his classic, clarity writing. Personally, my favorite out of the two has to be Nathaniel Hawthorne because his choice of details and words build pictures that make me feel like that story was specifically meant for me! Personally I don’t like scariness so Shirley Jackson would definitely not be one of my top favorite authors! â€Å"Slidashare Present yourself.† Nathaniel Hawthorne. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2012. . Raffert, Terrence. â€Å"Her Darkest Place.† Sunday Book Review. The New York Times, 26 2010. Web. 19 Nov 2012. . . â€Å"The Works of Shirley Jackson.† . N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2012. . . â€Å"BRD GROUPE SOCIETE GENERALE.† Hawthorne Writing Style. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2012. .

Why Cloning Shouldnt Be Banned essays

Why Cloning Shouldn't Be Banned essays Early in 1997 Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an entire adult sheep. Dolly was the young clone's given name. With this announcement the world made a collective gasp at the realization that no longer was cloning a pipe dream or an element of science fiction movies. Immediately, cloning became one of the most debated topics in the world. From the school house to the White House discussions began regarding the ethical implications of cloning. Those in favor of cloning argue that the technology will eventually lead to numerous benefits for humankind. Benefits such as infertility clinics to assist reproductively challenged couples in having genetically related children, the growing and healing of wounded or diseased tissues and organs, the curing of diseases such as cancer and leukemia, and possibly the cloning of important historical figures such as scientists, politicians, and artists are all claims made by proponents of cloning. Conversely, opponents of cloning say that it is immoral and unethical to clone human beings for both religious and humanitarian reasons. Their arguments are very thoughtful and concerned ideas, such as the fear that cloning will lead to the "10,000 Hitlers" scenario, or that cloning is an unnatural process that is sacrilegious, and the belief that the clone will suffer some sort of trauma because they lack a unique genetic identity. All of these reason are valid concerns, but, when held to close scrutiny do they really hold up as adequate reasons to put an all out ban on cloning and all research into cloning of human cells? Quite simply stated the answer is "no". The object of this essay is to argue this side of this highly sensitive and complicated issue. First off, it seems logical that one needs to know in slightly more technical language what cloning is. It is not enough to simply say that cloning is the creation of another person that is an exact c...

How to Get a Job with a Liberal Arts Degree

How to Get a Job with a Liberal Arts Degree Are you sick of people laughing when you tell them you’re majoring in Sociology or Spanish Literature? â€Å"Oh, ha, good luck finding a  job,† they say, or â€Å"I guess you want to teach, right?† That way of thinking is outmoded, and there’s no need to turn up your nose at a liberal arts degree. You just need to approach it smartly.  Check out the following graphic  that details all you need to know about following your heart when selecting a college major, where it can lead you, and how to find your perfect job even with a liberal arts degree.

Nursing Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Models - Essay Example Numbers of important nurse theorists such as Clara Weeks-Shaw, Isabel Hampton Robb, Imogene King, Hester Frederick, Myra Levine, Hildegard Peplau, Bertha Harmer, and Virginia Henderson contributed to the emerging discipline by describing various nursing models throughout the late 19th - late 20th centuries (Wesley, 1995). Each model of nursing has two elements: a method to assess individual needs of the patient and a method to implement the adequate type of care. These elements are used to a document known as a 'care plan' that is employed to identify the essential characteristics of a patient's treatment by doctors, nurses or/and health professionals. The process of treatment is measured and the quality of a patient's care is evaluated with appropriate changes being done to the care plan (Polit, & Hungler, 1995). In the 19th century, nurses were predominantly viewed as mere executors of the doctor's prescribed care. Such limited perception of the nurse's function resulted in emergence of a set of biomedical models of nursing that continue to strongly affect the modern nursing practices (Snyder, 2001). The key characteristic of the biomedical model is excessive attention to pathophysiology and altered homeostasis which did not allow advocates of this approach to properly identify individual differences between the patients. Consequently, although the biomedical model was effective for traditional medical and physical care, it failed repeatedly in cases which went beyond traditional frameworks: the focus on the treatment of disease prevented the nurses and doctors from making appropriate account of sociocultural, psychological, religious, or economic differences between the patients (Hawkins, 1987). The development of constructivist, functionalist, and interpretive epistemologies over the second half of the last century led many to revise the traditional biomedical models. As a result, the social model of nursing and healthcare that emerged in the 20th century highlighted the social aspects of treatment and nursing. While the biomedical model basically viewed all patients suffering from the same illness or disease as the same population, the social model emphasized the individual difference in religious, cultural, ethnic background of the patients (Wesley, 1995). The holistic principles promoted by the social models perfectly complement for the drawbacks of the biomedical models. The modern models of nursing aim to find the most effective combination of the biomedical and social models. Dorothy Johnson's Behavioural System Model "focuses on a behavioural system (the patient), its subsystems, and its environment" (Polit, & Hungler, 1995: 102). Johnson views the patient's behaviours are the primary objects of nursing analysis claiming the human being has seven behavioural subsystems: attachment, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and achievement. Each of these subsystems arises from a drive related to a desired goal, a set of likely responses specific to the individual, a group of choices as to effective responses, and the observable outcomes known as behaviour (Johnson, 1990). Some claim that nursing diagnoses in the Behavioural System Model may deal with insufficiency, discrepancy, incompatibility, or dominance Another well-known model of nursing

Fairtrade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fairtrade - Essay Example Introduction The tourism industry on the international level is booming. For instance, in the year 2012, total number of tourist figures reached a whooping figure of 1 billion and in the year 2013, the tourism industry anticipates to develop by three percent thereby contributing an aggregate of US$6.8 trillion or nine percent of the global GDP. Further, it is estimated that the tourism industry offers employment for more than 266 million around the world which connote that one in every eleven jobs on the planet is being offered by the tourism industry. While the significance of economic involvement cannot be refuted, many research studies have demonstrated that international tourism industry is not immune from inherent defects and could be the major contributor for the cultural, social and environmental issues. (Fairtrade Centre 2013). This research study will analyse how fair-trade certification helps the tourism industry of the respective nation helps to contribute the economy, soc iety and social welfare in a detailed manner. Fair Trade Tourism – An Analysis As per research study carried over by Tearfund (2002,p.7) , the shoppers are eager to pay more for products that are manufactured or produced in a friendly way , which connotes that they benefit the nation in which they are manufactured or produced. ... Thus, FT main aim is to work with oppressed workers and producers, thus assisting them to recover from a condition of susceptibility to prosperous and economic self-sufficiency. FT‘s aim is to encourage the abolition of poverty and to enhance the dignity of workers and producers. FT offers high-quality product wide range and variety of quality products. FT currently offers a wide range of about 5000 to 7000 quality products all around the globe. Fair-Trade tourism refers to the process of sharing the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in a fairer manner observing ethical, economic and environmental features. (Avara & Matkailu, 2004). The chief aim of FTT (Fair-Trade Tourism) is to capitalize the advantages from tourism for the local beneficiaries mainly through equitable and mutual partnerships between international and national tourism stakeholders. (Tourism Concern, 1999, p.2). According to Pluss (2013), FTT is mainly focussed on the magnitude to which the application of fair trade as regards to consumer awareness , trading partnerships and certification which can elucidate tourism development in overseas and at tourism destination. FTT concept has materialised as a mean to readdress the inequality and sustainability issues that linger in the tourism industry. (Boluk, 2011, p.29). FTT attempts to establish cultural, social and economic advantages for local citizen at the respective tourist destination. FTT is to stick to local laws, create vibrant consultation structures, should be translucent, should include social accounting, sustainability and ecological safeguards and should revere human rights. The other key elements of FTT are